What Is HIRA & JSA- All Activity Download

Introduction:- 

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK 

ASSESSMENT (HIRA)

 

A Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) assists emergency managers in answering these questions. It is a systematic risk assessment tool that can be used to assess the risks of various hazards.

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS ASSESSMENT (JSA):-

Job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure that helps integrate accepted safety and health practices into a particular task or job operation. In JSA, the ultimate goal is to identify potential hazards in every step of a process and recommend the safest way to execute the job. JSA is a written procedure developed to understand, review, minimize or eliminate hazards associated with work processes. A job safety analysis (JSA) must be conducted at the job site before the commencement of a job, or when there has been any modification done to the existing job process. JSA can also include risk assessment to evaluate the hazard occurance probability while also detailing the severity of its consequences, and the effectiveness of the control and preventive measures implemented.

HIRA:-

There are three reasons why a HIRA is useful to the emergency management profession:

·     It helps emergency management professionals prepare for the worst and/or most likely risks.

·     Allows for the creation of exercises, training programs, and plans based on the most likely scenarios.

·     Saves time and resources by isolating hazards that cannot occur in the designated area.

Risk is the unwanted consequence of an event or series of events. Risk occurs when multiple risk causing factors occur at the same time causing an accident manifesting in an event like a fire or explosion. Risk Assessment (RA) is a method that has proven its value as an all-round tool for improving the safety standards prevalent in every hazardous industry. With advancements in in-built and inherent safety systems, accidents rates have come down, but still persist at unacceptable levels for newer technology, new plants and chemical handling facilities. RA is a structured safety assessment tools designed for high hazard industries such as chemical, petrochemical, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, sea ports, etc., supplementing other safety systems tools such as HAZOP, safety audit, and regular incident analysis to identify the potential for incidents (near-misses, unsafe conditions) and to evaluate the necessary control measures.

Objectives of HIRA study:

 ·      Carryout a systematic, critical appraisal of all potential hazards involving personnel, plant, services and operation methods.

•        Identify the existing safeguards available to control the risks due to the hazards.

      

• Suggest additional control measures to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

·      Prepare a Risk register that will help in continuously monitoring these risks, detect any changes and ensure the controls are effective.

Steps involved in Hazard identification and risk assessment:

Step 1: Identification of the Hazard.

Hazard Identification is a critical step in Risk Analysis. Many aids are available, including experience, engineering codes, checklists, detailed process knowledge, equipment failure experience, hazard index techniques, What-if Analysis, Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Studies, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA). In this phase all potential incidents are identified and tabulated. Site visit and study of operations and documents like drawings, process write-up etc are used for hazard identification.

Step 2: Assessment of the Risk:-

Consequence Estimation is the methodology used to determine the potential for damage or injury from specific incidents. A single incident can have many distinct incident outcomes. Likelihood assessment is the methodology used to estimate the frequency or probability of occurrence of an incident. Estimates may be obtained from historical incident data on failure frequencies or from failure sequence models, such as fault trees and event trees. Risks arising from the hazards are evaluated for its tolerability to personnel, the facility and the environment. The acceptability of the estimated risk must then be judged based upon criteria appropriate to the particular situation.

Step 3: Elimination or Reduction of the Risk

This involves identifying opportunities to reduce the likelihood and/or consequence of an accident Where deemed to be necessary. Risk Assessment combines the consequences and likelihood of all incident outcomes from all selected incidents to provide a measure of risk. The risk of all selected incidents are individually estimated and summed to give an overall measure of risk. Risk-reduction measures include those to prevent incidents (i.e. reduce the likelihood of occurrence) to control incidents (i.e. limit the extent and duration of a hazardous event) and to mitigate the effects (i.e. reduce the consequences). Preventive measures, such as using inherently safer designs and ensuring asset integrity, should be used wherever practicable. In many cases, the measures to control and mitigate hazards and risks are simple and obvious and involve modifications to conform to standard practice.

The general hierarchy of risk reducing measures is:

·     Prevention (by distance or design)

·     Detection (e.g. fire and gas, Leak detection)

·     Control (e.g. emergency shutdown and controlled depressurization)

·     Mitigation (e.g. fire fighting and passive fire protection)

·     Emergency response (in case safety barriers fail)

Components of Risk Assessment:

The normal components of a risk assessment study are:

Ø  Hazard identification and specification

Ø  Risk Review

Ø  Recommendations on mitigation measures

 

Failure case identification

The first stage in any risk assessment study is to identify the potential accidents that could result in the release of the hazardous material from its normal containment.

Chemical hazards are generally considered to be of three types:

 

·      Flammable

·      Reactive

·      Toxic

 

Where there is the potential for confined gas releases, there is also the potential for explosions. These often produce overpressures which can cause fatalities, both through direct action on the body or through building damage. Potential accidents associated with any plant, section of a terminal/plant or pipeline can be divided into two categories:

·      There is a possibility of failure associated with each, mechanical component of the facility/terminal (vessels, pipes, pumps or compressors). There are generic failures and can be caused by such mechanisms as corrosion, vibration or external impact (mechanical or overpressure). A small event (such as a leak) may escalate to a bigger event, by itself causing a larger failure.

·      There   is    also    a    likelihood    of    failures    caused    by   specific    operating

 

 

circumstances. The prime example of this is human error, however it can also include other accidents due, for example, to reaction runaway or the possibility of ignition of leaking tank gases due to hot work.

Classification of Major Hazard Units:

 

1. ·      Damage of oil storage tanks and oil leaks into the sea
2. ·      In case of fire explosion
3. ·      In case of emergency during ship maneuvering
4. ·      In case of vessel or boat collision

 

Hazard Identification

Identification of hazards in the proposed jetty is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents and process. Definition of hazard states that, hazard is in fact the characteristic of system/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence, all the components of a system need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident. The following two methods for hazard identification have been employed in the proposed Jetty Study:

Hazards during Construction Phase

 

• ·      Mechanical Hazards
• ·      Transportation Hazards
• ·      Physical Hazards
• ·      Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials

Hazards during Operation Phase

 

·      Material Hazards

·      Handling Hazards

Hazards due to Natural Calamities

 

·      Earthquake

·      Tsunami

·      Cyclone/Flood

 

 

Hazards during Construction Phase

Potential hazards during the construction phase of the project could be due to the mechanical hazards, navigation/ transportation hazards, physical hazards and storage and handling of hazardous materials.

Mechanical Hazards: Mechanical hazards during the construction phase arise due to the moving parts in the machinery, especially the belts and bolts of the construction equipment, which are heavy and pose a threat to the work personnel. Other hazards include falling (during working at heights), falling objects like hand held tools, etc; failure of slips and traps created for scaffolding; and due to faulting of electrical equipment.

Navigation/ transportation Hazards: Planning of access/egress to construction site also plays significant role in minimizing the associated hazards such as vehicles/ barges collision.

Physical Hazards: The noise and vibrations generated during construction phase may affect the workers health, hinder effective communication. In addition to noise and vibration, hot works also pose a considerable hazard to the workers.

Hazards during Operational phase

Material Hazards: During operation, Liquid Cargo will be handled at the proposed facility. The Liquid cargo hazard classification can be made based on its Characteristics such as Flammability, explosiveness, toxicity or corrosivity etc.

Handling Hazards: Proposed jetty involves handling of Liquid Cargo. The hazards related to edible oil transport and unloading may be due to accidents, breaking of unloading arms, failure in mechanical components, etc. The handling hazards include:

·      Insufficient knowledge on hazardous nature of Liquid Cargo in use leading to inappropriate handling of the Liquid Cargo.

·      Failure to use appropriate control measures and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

·      Use of expired/worn Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE’s)

 

 

·      Failure of liquid delivery tools.

·      Possible hazards during ship movements at the port are collision, grounding, etc.

·      Likely hazards during loading and unloading of Liquid Cargo.

·      During ship unloading operations, the possible hazard may arise due to collision by another vessel and others.

Cargo handling: A fully mechanized ship loading/unloading system (Pipelines) is planned at the berths. The major components of the mechanized ship loading/unloading system are Pumps and Pipelines.

 

Ship movements/Navigation Hazards: The navigation hazards during operation phase are grounding and collision of vessels. However, these would be controlled by suitable vessel traffic management.

Ship unloading: During ship unloading operations, possible hazard may arise due to collision by another vessel and others.

Transfer operation: The transfer operation involves transfer of liquid cargo from ships through pipelines. During this operation there is a possibility of mal-operation / non- synchronization / misalignment leading to liquid cargo spillage.

Slip and Trip Hazards: Workers performing cleaning operations are exposed to slippery working surfaces and tripping hazards. This places workers at risk of:

·      Slipping off oily and greasy ladders

·      Slipping and falling on oily decks

·      Tripping over equipment, hoses and vessel structures

 

Hazard due to Natural Calamities:

Cyclone, Tsunami and Storm surge are the most destructive forces among the natural devastations. It causes instant disaster and burial of lives and destruction to entire coastal properties. The damage and loss can be minimized if appropriate preparedness plan is formulated. The following statutory guidelines are recommended by National

 Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to minimize the impact due to Cyclone, Tsunami and storm.

Types of Disasters	Risk incurred	Mitigation steps
Earthquake	Highest vulnerability towards earthquake occurrence (based on past history) resulting into massive destruction.	Structure proposed should comply as per relevant IS Codes for Earthquake resistant structures for adequate factor of safety.
Tsunami	Kandla region had been affected by Tsunami in past with a ht. of 12m in 1945. Thus, it is also one of the major risks applied to the SIPC locations.	Land use planning should be as per the zoning maps by Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA)
Cyclone	Gujarat falls in the region of tropical cyclone and is highly vulnerable to associated hazards such as floods, storm surges etc. Kandla falls in the belt in which the wind speed ranges between 45-47m/sec. Over 120 cyclones originated within Arabian Sea in past 100 years. Damage to property and life is huge.	Structure proposed should comply as per relevant IS Codes for cyclone resistant structures for adequate factor of safety.
Drought	Kandla is a drought prone area with less rainfall Drought   vulnerability    increases    the groundwater exploitation	Rain water harvesting should be mandatory
Epidemics	Outbreak of Epidemics such as swine flu has been seen in past	Necessary steps should be undertaken to have hygienic conditions and medical assistance within the location to cater to any epidemic

A Risk Analysis should therefore, be seen as an important component of any or all on- going preventive actions aimed at minimizing and thus hopefully, avoiding accidents. Re- assessments should therefore follow at regular intervals, and/or after any changes that could alter the hazard, so contributing to the overall prevention programme and disaster management plan of the project.

 

Please click on the below link and download all HIRA /JSA

1. Working at height- DOWNLOAD

2. All Activity HIRA- DOWNLOAD 

3. All Activity JSA- DOWNLOAD